Self-ballasted LED lamp performance and domestic and international standards

0 Preface

With the rapid development of semiconductor lighting technology, a wide variety of lamps and lamps using LEDs as light sources have appeared, especially in the emergence of many LED lamps that replace traditional light sources, for example, LEDs that replace ordinary incandescent lamps and self-ballasted fluorescent lamps. Bulbs, instead of reflective incandescent LED-R lamps and LED-PAR lamps, replace the MR16 halogen LED-MR16, because they can easily replace the light source without replacing traditional lamps, quickly Accepted by the majority of consumers.

The self-ballasted LED lamp is an LED lamp with a lamp head that integrates the stable ignition parts into one. In fact, the stable ignition parts of the LEDs are not part of the ballast. Since the draft IEC 62560 "Self-ballasted LED-lamps for general lighting services > 50V - Safety specifications" uses the same "Self-ballasted" as the self-ballasted fluorescent lamps, "Campus" describes the driving of LEDs, so China's national standards are also literally translated as "self-ballasted LED lights." In the United States ENERGY STAR (Energy Star) standard is called "IntegralLED Lamp", that is, integral LED lights.

1 main performance indicators of self-ballasted LED lights (integrated LED lights)

1. 1 lamp power

The lamp power referred to here is the total input power of the whole lamp, which is not only the power consumed by the LED lighting device. Some enterprises mistake the power of the LED device as the power of the lamp. For example, three 1W LED light sources are used, and the rated power is set to 3W. Such an error will cause the measured power to exceed the standard requirements. In fact, the lamp power should also include the power consumed by the drive control circuit.

1. 2 power factor

The power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power. The low power factor means that the reactive power is large, which will increase the line power consumption.

1. 3 luminous flux

Luminous flux refers to the radiant energy that the human eye can feel. It is the most important indicator of the illumination source.

1. 4 light effects

Light efficiency (luminous efficiency) is the luminous flux that can be emitted per unit of power, calculated by dividing the luminous flux by the actual power consumption. It embodies the efficiency of the lamp to convert electrical energy into light energy, and the higher the lighting efficiency, the more energy efficient.

1. 5 color features

The color characteristics are determined by the color table and color rendering. The color of the light actually emitted by the lamp is called the color table and is determined by the chromaticity coordinates of the CIE1931 (x, y) chromaticity diagram; the effect of the spectral characteristics of the light emitted by the lamp on the surface of the object is called color rendering. In practical applications, color rendering is represented by the general color rendering index Ra.

1. 6 lumen maintenance rate

The luminous flux maintenance rate refers to the ratio of the luminous flux of a lamp to a predetermined luminous flux at a specific time during the lifetime and the initial luminous flux of the lamp, expressed as a percentage.

1. 7 switch test

The switch test is a test that repeatedly turns the lamp on and off to assess the ability of the lamp to withstand the impact of the switch. LED lights have a clear advantage over traditional light sources in terms of switching performance.

1. 8 life

Life is divided into single lamp life and average life. The life of a single lamp refers to the cumulative time from the ignition point to the failure of a lamp or to the time when its luminous flux maintenance rate is lower than the specified value.

The average life is the cumulative time when the lamp's luminous flux maintenance rate meets the specified requirements and the lamp that can continue to ignite to 50% reaches the life of a single lamp.

Although the lamp can work but the lumen maintenance rate is very low, it can be considered that the lamp has lost its effective illumination function. Therefore, when the lumen maintenance rate is lower than a certain value, it is judged to be invalid. Some of the specified values ​​are 70%, and some are also available. 50%.

It should be noted that the life expectancy stated in the product specification refers to the average life, not the life of each lamp.

2 Differences between domestic and international standards for self-ballasted LED lamps (integrated LED lamps)

China National Standard GB / T 24908 - 2010 "Performance Requirements for Self-ballasted LED Lamps for General Lighting", US ENERGY STAR (Energy Star) Standard "ENERGYSTAR Program Requirements for Integral LED Lamps ENERGY STAREligibility Criteria (released in December 2009)" And the International Electrotechnical Commission's IEC /PAS 62612 "Self-Ballasted LED-Lamps for General Lighting Services Performance Requirements" standard (draft) (hereinafter referred to as: GB / T24908, Energy Star Standard, IEC draft) are all about the town The standard requirements for the performance of LED LED lamps, but the specific requirements of the three standards are different. These differences are described in detail in this paper so that relevant personnel can correctly understand and use these standards.

2. 1 lamp power

The requirements of 5.3 of GB / T 24908: "When the lamp is operated at rated voltage and rated frequency, the difference between the actual power consumed and the rated power shall not exceed 15% or 0.5W."

5W, the rated power is 15%, the rated power is 15%, the power is 15%, the power is 15%, the rated power is 0. 3W, 5度。 If the maximum power deviation is 0. 5W, if the rated power is greater than 0. 5W, then take 15%.

"The difference between the actual consumed power and the rated power should not exceed 15% or 0.5W", that is, the actual power consumption is greater than the rated power or less than the rated power, and the positive and negative deviations of the power should meet the requirements.

Clause 7 of the IEC draft requires that “the power loss of the LED lamp must not exceed 15% of the rated power”, except that the actual power consumption is limited by the rated power, that is, the upper limit is specified, and there is no limit to the negative power deviation. .

Although the lamp power is not required in the ENERGY STAR standard, the standard mentions that it should also comply with UL1993-1999, and UL1993 specifies the positive power deviation: no more than 10% of the rated power + 0. 5W.

2. 2 power factor

Clause 5.4 of GB / T 24908 requires that “when the lamp is operated at rated voltage and rated frequency, its actual power factor shall not be lower than the manufacturer's nominal value of 0.05.” The specific value of the power factor is not specified in the standard. The manufacturer is required to be self-nominating, but the lower limit of the actual power factor is less than the nominal value. For example, if the nominal power factor is 0.95, the measured value is not less than 0.90.

The energy factor of the energy star is less than or equal to 5W. The average power factor of the lamp power greater than 5W is greater than or equal to 0.7. Since increasing the power factor has an impact on cost and efficiency, and the low-power lamp has less impact on the grid, this is relatively reasonable.

The IEC draft does not address power factor requirements.

2. 3 luminous flux

Article 5. 5 of GB / T 24908 requires that "the initial luminous flux of the lamp may be declared by the manufacturer or the seller, but the measured value shall not be less than 90% of the nominal value", that is to say, there is no requirement to declare it, but Once declared, the measured value should not be lower than 10%, higher than the declared value is allowed. There is no specific definition of what the luminous flux should be.

ENERGY STAR standard requirements: Non-Standard Lamps minimum luminous flux of 200 lm. The replacement lamps (ReplacementLamps) respectively specify the minimum luminous flux according to the original luminous flux of the target light to be replaced. The so-called non-standard lamp is an LED lamp that does not indicate an alternative to the existing standard lamp; the replacement lamp is an LED lamp that indicates an alternative to an existing standard lamp. For example, an LED lamp that claims to replace a 60W incandescent lamp must have a luminous flux of no less than 800 lm.

Clause 8 of the IEC draft requires that “the measured luminous flux of 0h shall not be less than 90% of the nominal luminous flux”, ie the actual initial (0h) luminous flux shall not be more than 10% lower than the nominal luminous flux, above the standard The claim is permissible, but there is no provision for the amount of luminous flux. The value of the luminous flux must be indicated on the light and on the packaging of Article 4.

2. 4 light effects

Article 5. 5 of GB / T 24908 requires: "The initial luminous efficacy level of the lamp may be declared by the manufacturer or the seller, but the measured value shall not be lower than the requirements of Table 1, if the manufacturer or the seller does not claim to press Level III assessment.” Table 1 specifies the minimum light efficiency value for each of the four power segments, two color ranges, and three levels. The light effect is divided into three grades of I, II and III, and the light efficiency of the third grade is the lowest. One of these three levels can be declared, and the third level is not claimed. For example, a daylight-colored 5W self-ballasted LED lamp claims to achieve Class I energy efficiency, and is assessed according to Class I requirements. In fact, the metering efficiency is not less than 60 lm/W; if it is not claimed, it is not less than 40 lm. W assessment.

ENERGY STAR standard requirements: Non-standard light less than 10W light efficiency is not less than 50 lm / W, greater than or equal to 10W light efficiency is not less than 55lm / W. There are three types of replacement lamps: omnidirectional lights, decorative lights, and directional lights. LED bulbs are all-directional lamps. Reflective LED lamps such as PAR lamps, R lamps, and MRs are directional lamps. LED lamps for candle-shaped and small bulb decoration lighting are decorative lamps. The illuminance of the omnidirectional light less than 10W is not less than 50 lm/W, the luminous efficacy of 10W or more is not less than 55lm/W; the decorative lighting effect is not less than 40 lm/W; the directional light is less than or equal to 20/8in. The effect is not less than 40 lm/W, and the light with a diameter greater than 20 /8in has a luminous efficacy of not less than 45 lm/W.

The IEC draft does not regulate light efficiency.