80% of China's lithium resources are concentrated in Qinghai to extract lithium and “Lithium wanted” to enter the lithium power industry chain.

The world's identified reserves of lithium resources are 34 million tons. Lithium resources in Qinghai Salt Lake account for over 60% of global lithium reserves. In China, 80% of lithium resources are concentrated in Qinghai. It can be said that Lithium from Qinghai Salt Lake, which is about to ripen, is standing at the "innovative change" threshold and has a vast space.

When new energy vehicles and energy storage industries demand blowouts, where does lithium come from? Each and every answer to this “multi-question” has led to a billion-dollar industrial space. Among them, “Salt Lake to mention lithium” will be one of the most promising answers.

Since 2015, lithium carbonate, which is the core raw material for the lithium industry, has risen from 30,000 yuan/ton to 160,000 yuan/ton. Activated by market prices, in the harsh and harsh natural environment of Qinghai Salt Lake, the researchers of Lithium in the salt lake have finally emerged from more than ten years of endeavor, suffering and loneliness, and find that the technology they possess will be worth thousands of dollars. The final sprint of large-scale industrialization was started, and it is looking forward to joining the full-scale cooperation with lithium ore companies.

In the three major salt lakes in Qinghai, field research reporters found that the lithium salt lake products have entered the lithium power industry chain. Chunjiang plumbing, industrial capital also smell opportunities. On the eve of the New Year's Eve, BYD and Salt Lake have announced that they plan to spend RMB 8 billion to invest in lithium in the Qinghai Salt Lake.

According to the Qinghai Lithium Industry Patent Navigation Report released in September 2017, the world’s identified lithium reserves are 34 million tons, and the lithium resources in Qinghai Salt Lake account for more than 60% of the global lithium reserves. In China, 80% of the Lithium resources are concentrated in Qinghai. It can be said that Lithium from Qinghai Salt Lake, which is about to ripen, is standing at the "innovative change" threshold and has a vast space. While boosting the cost and rapid development of China's new energy vehicle industry, it will also increase the strategic safety level of China's lithium resources.

Breakthrough: Salt Lake Lithium products have entered the lithium industry chain

“The industrial route for lithium extraction in Qinghai Salt Lake has already been opened. It may be that we have opened up Taifeng in advance. It should be the first company to use Lithium in Qinghai Salt Lake for lithium power.” Peking University First Science and Technology Industry Co., Ltd. (Plains "Pedagotec first") President Dr. Gao Qing (who served as the global lithium resource giant FMC) told reporters.

Qinghai Taifeng Advance Lithium Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (abbreviated as “Taifeng First Run”) is a cathode material company for new energy batteries. It has 15,000 tons of lithium iron phosphate cathode materials and 8,000 tons of nickel cobalt manganese composite anode materials. Has been completed), the downstream lithium power leader BYD, Ningde era are its customers.

In general, lithium batteries are classified into lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary material batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries, and lithium manganese batteries according to different cathode materials. Among them, the lithium iron phosphate battery and the ternary material battery have better relative performance, but require higher quality battery grade lithium carbonate to be prepared. As disclosed in the Ningde Times in the prospectus report, the power battery system accounts for 89% of the company's revenue. The company mainly uses lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials as cathode materials for the preparation of power batteries. While Taifeng was the third, second and fourth largest supplier of Lenin's era from 2014 to 2016, in 2016, the amount purchased from Taifeng in the Ningde era was approximately 426 million yuan.

“As a raw material, battery-grade lithium carbonate produced from lithium extraction in Qinghai Salt Lake is essentially the same as lithium-ion battery-grade lithium carbonate. We used cathode materials for production for one or two years, and downstream companies have There is no tendency to seek compliance," said Tai Feng, the responsible person in charge.

According to the investigation, Qinghai Lithium was the first supplier to Taifeng. Qinghai Lithium Industry Co., Ltd. holds 74.54%, 23.08%, and 2.38% shares respectively from the Western Mining Holding Shares East and West Mining Group, the Qinghai Mining Group, and the Qinghai Salt Lake Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Qinghai Lithium Industry Co., Ltd. said that it has mastered the selective migration of high-magnesium-lithium ions over salt lakes to synthesize lithium carbonate technology, with a capacity of 10,000 tons of battery-grade lithium carbonate.

According to the relevant national standards, the purity of more than 99.5% can be classified as battery-grade lithium carbonate.

In this regard, Taifeng said first, Qinghai Lithium products in the stability, quality, output in the forefront of Qinghai. "At present, the purity of its battery grade lithium carbonate is 99.6%, and most of the products are provided to us."

However, Qinghai lithium lithium carbonate products still have some problems. "It has no problem with its purity, but there are some trace impurities that have not been removed. Therefore, we spent nearly 100 million yuan to build and purify the device. We can pull the battery-grade lithium carbonate from Qinghai Lithium to do further impurity removal." Taifeng The relevant person in charge first said that there is no technical difficulty in further cleaning. “In the past, the lithium extraction company in Qinghai Salt Lake had no concept of trace impurities and was not connected with downstream companies. The installation, by the lithium extraction companies themselves, is much easier than our downstream companies to get rid of impurities, adding a few hundred yuan to the cost of a ton of overhead."

History: Technology "Swords in more than ten years" Chong Guan "Blossoming Results"

Recently, the reporter visited a number of representative companies and downstream manufacturers of lithium in salt lakes, as well as the Qinghai Provincial Government and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. All parties generally believe that the sharp increase in lithium carbonate prices has played a key role in the industrialization of lithium extraction in Qinghai Salt Lake. It is under this stimulating factor that all parties' years of technological accumulation and technological transformation “blossomed results”.

“It is much more difficult to extract lithium from salt lakes in Qinghai than from salt lakes in South America. The magnesium and lithium in South American salt lakes is lower than that of 5:1, and it is easier to extract lithium; while the ratio of magnesium to lithium in Qinghai Salt Lake is as low as 500:1. The development of lithium in Qinghai Salt Lake has been slower, requires more time, and has greater challenges,” said Gao Qing. Relevant researchers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences also emphasized to reporters that in fact, the technology for extracting lithium from Qinghai Salt Lake is far more advanced than overseas, and only in these two years has there been a breakthrough, and the early technology accumulation has been more than a decade.

In Chaerhan Salt Lake, He Yongping, chairman and general manager of Lanke Lithium, spoke to reporters about changes in lithium carbonate prices. “Before October 2015, lithium carbonate prices remained at 30,000 yuan to 35,000 yuan per ton. In October of that year, the price suddenly rose to 80,000 yuan per ton. Before and after March 2016, the price rose to 110,000 yuan per ton to 120,000 yuan.”

According to business club data, on January 5, 2018, industrial-grade lithium carbonate and battery-grade lithium carbonate were offered at about RMB 150,000/ton and RMB 170,000/ton respectively.

“This problem is very realistic and well understood. When the price of lithium carbonate was 30,000 yuan per ton and 40,000 yuan per year, everyone was on the profit and loss line, and they were all trying to reduce costs. Even if there were technologies to produce battery-grade lithium carbonate, Survival first, who are not willing to install more devices, are trying to minimize impurity removal.” The relevant personage of the Qinghai provincial government said.

“Lanke Lithium won the technology of extracting lithium from salt lakes in 2010, but the technology must be combined with field conditions to conduct continuous industrialized process tests.” He Yongping said that at that time, no one in the lithium carbonate industry was optimistic about the company’s losses and no funds. Can be voted, starting, persisting is very difficult, the major shareholder salt Lake shares consideration of the comprehensive utilization of salt lake, only to adhere to the project down.

As the price of lithium carbonate goes up, shareholders, banks, and capital begin to "raise." The total investment of Lanke Lithium has so far reached 1 billion yuan. After 2015, the investment has been significantly accelerated. The technical path has been further improved and related devices have been launched. According to the announcement, as of December 25, 2017, Lanke Lithium produced 7,759 tons of lithium carbonate. Has produced a small amount of battery-level products, but the battery-level product production will take some time.

In the treasure of Qinghai Salt Lake, similar to Lanke Lithium, various companies' years of layout and technology accumulation contributed.

At present, China's salt lake resources are concentrated in Qinghai and Tibet. In Qinghai Province, there are three major salt lakes: West Taiwan, Dongtai, and Qarhan. They are mainly operated by the national lithium industry, Qinghai Lithium Industry and Lanke Lithium Industry. Lithium has different paths for lithium extraction. Calcination, ion-selective migration, and adsorption are used.

Taking Guo'an Lithium Industry as an example, its major shareholder made lithium in trial salt lakes in 2005 and obtained a patent for producing lithium carbonate in that year. As early as around 2004, Qinghai Lithium Industry Co., Ltd. has already undertaken the National High-tech Industrialization Demonstration Project “Qinghai Lithium Lake and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources” project.

“Without these early foundations, even if the market suddenly goes well, companies cannot grasp opportunities. Through all these years, people have accumulated technology and made preparations very well. Market opportunities are ultimately reserved for those who are prepared.” He Yongping said.

Ambition: 130,000 tons of lithium capacity in Qinghai Salt Lake is under construction

In the Nanchuan Industrial Park in Xining City, BYD is ambitiously building a new battery factory.

The reporter came to this new base and the base plans to invest a total of 4 billion yuan. Among them, Qinghai BYD Lithium Battery Co., Ltd. is building an annual output of 10GWh power lithium battery project, plans to put into production in the second half of 2018, the first phase of the project can produce lithium iron phosphate and three yuan battery.

BYD's emboldenedness in Qinghai is derived from its grasp of upstream resources.

BYD and Salt Lake announced on December 27, 2017 that the Qinghai Salt Lake BYD Resources Development Co., Ltd. (abbreviated as “Salt Lake BYD”) will build a new 30,000-ton/year battery grade lithium carbonate project with a total investment of 4.948 billion yuan. . Salt Lake BYD holds 49.5% of Salt Lake shares and BYD holds 49%.

Salt Lake announced that Lanke Lithium will expand the 20,000-ton/year battery-grade lithium carbonate project based on the existing 10,000-ton/year lithium carbonate plant. The total investment of the project is 3.132 billion yuan.

According to the earlier joint venture agreement, Salt Lake shares the only supply of salt lake lithium to BYD Salt Lake. Salt Lake also promised to transfer its 51.42% stake in Lanke Lithium to Salt Lake BYD.

According to the Qinghai Provincial Economic and Information Commission, BYD has also constructed a 20,000 tons lithium iron phosphate cathode material plant in the Haidong area of ​​Qinghai. In short, BYD has formed a lithium-electricity industrial chain called "lithium-positive cathode material-battery" in Qinghai.

This is just a microcosm of the explosion of lithium in Qinghai. According to "Qinghai 100 billion yuan lithium industry development plan", by 2020, Qinghai lithium industry investment reached 70 billion yuan, the output value reached 78 billion yuan. By 2025, Qinghai lithium industry investment will reach 160 billion yuan, with an output value of 180 billion yuan.

According to a Qinghai Province “Lithium-electricity New Material Productivity Table” provided by Qinghai Economic and Information Technology Commission, Qinghai Province divided the lithium-electricity industry chain into lithium carbonate, lithium-based cathode materials, lithium-based anode materials, separator materials, batteries, and lithium-electricity supporting industries. .

Among them, there are only 12 companies in the lithium carbonate sector, with a total planned production capacity of 174,000 tons. At present, a total of 42,000 tons of lithium carbonate production capacity has been completed. Qinghai Lithium Industry, Lanke Lithium Industry and Guo'an Lithium Industry each account for 10,000 tons; Lithium Carbonate is under construction with a total production capacity of 132,000 tons. Lanke Lithium Industry, Salt Lake BYD, and Qinghai Dongtai Yoshii Lithium Resources Co., Ltd. is currently under construction capacity of 20,000 tons, 30,000 tons, 30,000 tons, Minmetals is also building 10,000 tons of lithium carbonate capacity.

Related companies and the Economic Commission of Qinghai Province told reporters that the new production capacity is basically based on battery-grade lithium carbonate standards.

However, there are different voices for the lithium extraction in Qinghai Salt Lake. Some researchers pointed out that in the Qinghai Salt Lake, where magnesium and lithium are already higher than normal, with the progress of lithium extraction, salt lake brine endowments will become lower and lower. Whether it can continue to produce tens of tons of battery-grade lithium carbonate annually is still worth observing.

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